Henry Clinton (British Army officer, born 1. General. Sir Henry Clinton, KB, MP (1. April 1. 73. 0 – 2.

December 1. 79. 5) was a British army officer and politician, best known for his service as a general during the American War of Independence. First arriving in Boston in May 1. British Commander- in- Chief in North America. In addition to his military service, due to the influence of the 2nd Duke of Newcastle, he was a Member of Parliament for many years. Late in life he was named Governor of Gibraltar, but died before assuming the post. Early life[edit]Henry Clinton was born, probably in 1. Admiral George Clinton and Anne Carle, the daughter of a general.[1] Early histories claimed his birth year as 1.

William Willcox, Clinton claimed in a notebook found in 1. English peerage records places the date of birth as 1. April.[1] Willcox also notes that none of these records give indication of the place of Clinton's birth.[2] Historian John Fredriksen claims that Clinton was born in Newfoundland; [3] his father was posted there from 1. Little is known of the earliest years of Clinton's life, or of his mother and the two sisters that survived to adulthood.[1] Given his father's naval career, where the family was domiciled is uncertain. They were obviously well- connected to the seat of the Earls of Lincoln, from whom his father was descended, or the estate of the Dukes of Newcastle, to whom they were related by marriage.[2]In 1. Gibraltar, applied for the governorship of the Province of New York.

He won the post in 1. Duke of Newcastle (who was his brother's brother- in- law).[4] He did not actually go to New York until 1. He took young Henry with him, having failed to acquire a lieutenant's commission for the 1. Henry's career would also benefit from the family connection to the Newcastles.[6]Records of the family's life in New York are sparse.

He is reported to have studied under Samuel Seabury on Long Island, suggesting the family may have lived in the country outside New York City.[6] Clinton's first military commission was to an independent company in New York in 1. The next year his father procured for him a captain's commission, and he was assigned to garrison duty at the recently captured. Watch War On Everyone Megavideo there.

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Fortress Louisbourg.[6] In 1. Clinton went to Britain to pursue his military career. It was two years before he received a commission as a captain in the Coldstream Guards.[7] His father, after he returned to London when his term as New York governor was over, procured for Clinton a position as aide to Sir John Ligonier in 1. Seven Years' War[edit]By 1. Clinton had risen to be a lieutenant colonel in the 1st Foot Guards, which was later renamed the Grenadier Guards, and was a line company commander in the 2nd Battalion and was based in London. The 2nd Battalion, 1st Foot Guards, was deployed to Germany to participate in the Seven Years' War, arriving at Bremen on 3. July 1. 76. 0 then joining the main Army, operating under Conway's Corps near Warberg.[9]George II died on 2.

October 1. 76. 0 and Clinton, along with all Officers of the Regiment, was amongst those listed in the renewal of commissions to George III, in London, on 2. October 1. 76. 0. Clinton was back with the 2nd Battalion coming out of winter quarters, at Paderborn in February 1. Battle of Villinghausen on 1. July 1. 76. 1, then under Prince Ferdinand, the Hereditary Crown Prince, at the crossing of the Diemel, near Warburg, in August, before wintering near Bielefeld. His father died this year necessitating a return to England to resolve family affairs. In 1. 76. 2 the unit, part of the force led by Prince Ferdinand, was in action at the Battle of Wilhelmsthal on 2.

June 1. 76. 2. After this action they participated in cutting the French supply lines at the heights of Homberg on 2. July 1. 76. 2 and secured artillery into position. It was after this engagement that the unit lost its commanding officer, General (Colonel) Julius Caesar who died at Elfershausen and is buried there. Clinton, now a colonel (seniority dated to 2. June 1. 76. 2), was appointed as aide- de- camp to Prince Ferdinand by the start of 1. Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé at the Battle of Nauheim on 3.

August 1. 76. 2. Prince Ferdinand was wounded during this engagement and Clinton severely wounded forcing him to quit the field. This and the consequent siege of Cassel, were the last actions of the 1st Foot Guards in the Seven Years' War and Clinton returned to England.[1. Clinton had distinguished himself as an aide- de- camp to Brunswick, with whom he established an enduring friendship.[1. During these early years, he formed a number of friendships and acquaintances, mostly with other officers serving in Brunswick's camp. These included Charles Lee and William Alexander, who styled himself "Lord Stirling"; both of these men would face Clinton as enemies in North America. He formed long- lasting and deep friendships with John Jervis, and William Phillips; Phillips later served under Clinton in North America, and Jervis rose to prominence in the Royal Navy.

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He also made the acquaintance of Charles Cornwallis, who would famously serve under him as well.[1. Family and marriage[edit]While Clinton was campaigning with the army in 1. As the new head of the family, he had to unwind his father's affairs, which included sizable debts as well as arrears in pay. Battles he had with the Board of Trade over his father's unpaid salary lasted for years, and attempts to sell the land in the colonies went nowhere; these lands were confiscated during the American Revolution, and even his heirs were unable to recover any kind of compensation for them. His mother, who had a history of mental instability and played only a small part in his life, died in August 1. On 1. 2 February 1. Clinton married Harriet Carter, the daughter of landed gentry,[1.

Surrey. There is some evidence that the marriage was performed in haste; six months later, the household accounts contain evidence of a son, Frederick. Frederick died of an illness in 1. Although Clinton did not write of his marriage, it was apparently happy. The couple produced five children: Frederick, Augusta (1.

William Henry (1. Henry Jr. (1. 77.

Harriet (1. 77. 2). Clinton's wife died on 2. August 1. 77. 2, eight days after giving birth to Harriet.[1. It took him over a year to recover from the grief.

He took his in- laws into his house, and his wife's sisters took over the care of his children.[1. His second and third sons later continued the family tradition of high command. Patronage[edit]Upon the death of the Duke of Newcastle, his patronage was taken up by the latter's nephew and successor Henry Pelham- Clinton. Although he was sometimes instrumental in advancing Clinton's career, the new duke's lack of attention and interest in politics would at times work against Clinton.

Clinton also complicated their relationship by treating the young duke more as an equal than as a noble who should be respected.[1. A second patron was King George III's brother the Duke of Gloucester. Clinton was appointed Gloucester's Groom of the Bedchamber in 1. However, some of Gloucester's indiscretions left him out of favour at court, and he was thus not an effective supporter of Clinton.[1.

Peacetime service[edit]In 1. Clinton's regiment was assigned to Gibraltar, and Clinton served as second in command to Edward Cornwallis. During this time, Newcastle asked him to see after one of his (Newcastle's) sons who was serving in the garrison. The young man, described by his father as having "sloth and laziness" and "despicable behavior", was virtually unmanageable, and Clinton convinced the duke to put him into a French academy.[1. Clinton was promoted to major general in 1.

Parliament through Newcastle's influence.[2. He remained a Member of Parliament until 1. Boroughbridge and subsequently for Newark- on- Trent.[2. In April 1. 77. 4 he went on a military inspection tour of the Russian army in the Balkans.